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Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Effective Security Management Butterworth -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Effective Security Management Butterworth? Answer: Presentation The IT administrations can demonstrate gainful to any tasks, it can prosper the business development just as the promoting portion of the whole organization. The cloud innovation can add more advantages to their administrations. The report will, notwithstanding, examine the dangers, vulnerabilities just as the security includes on lessening those dangers. In this manner the IT administrations can give them the serious edge and these elements will be extensively examined in the report. Audit with respect to the budgetary administrations The dangers related with the money related administrations must be evaluated in like manner and should follow up on it responsively. The deliberate dangers The deliberate dangers are ordinarily those dangers on which the individual and the association has no control. The dangers that are related with methodical dangers are war, financing costs and the downturn. Every one of these dangers by and large happen because of the outside variables and these components can demonstrate grievous to any industry and o any undertaking undeniably (Wu Olson, 2015). The dangers are isolated into-advertise chance, buying hazard, and the loan fee chance. Nobody has any piece of information for the accompanying danger. The Unsystematic dangers The unsystematic dangers are the dangers which are leveled out and can be decreased inside time, the dangers can be overseen well by the workers and the officials and the supervisors of the organization. The unsystematic dangers are liquidity hazard, operational hazard and the money related hazard (McNeil, Frey Embrechts, 2015). The impact is negligible contrasted with the methodical dangers which are out of hand. Significant hazard The pertinent dangers are those dangers that can be controlled, accordingly the unsystematic dangers are considered as the significant dangers. The dangers for the most part include the administrative dangers, lawful hazard, dissolvability chance and the operational hazard (Lam, 2014). These dangers must be recognized from the outset, at that point they ought to be evaluated as needs be and in conclusion, they ought to be controlled. Key hazard Aztek if not take a legitimate choice and this broken choice and defective methodology can prompt undertaking disappointment and eventually can prompt deferral in venture cutoff time. The undertaking disappointment can prompt and notoriety of the organization (Chance Brooks, 2015). In this manner it can influence the IT benefits harshly. Therefore, a legitimate choice must be made, the correct technique can set aside a great deal of cash and ensure the notoriety of the venture. Market chance The cost of the items if gets expanded can influence any association unfavorably and Aztek is no special case. The market chance is connected with the money related hazard, advertise chance, value chance and the loan fee (Chance Brooks, 2015). The market dangers get stimulated because of the anomalous value ascent of the assets and the products. Credit hazard The credit hazard stirs if the bank offers cash to the borrowers and borrowers neglect to reimburse the advance in some way or another. The dangers emerge when the bank sends the cash and borrowers neglects to meet the desire for the loan specialist. For this situation, the bank loses all the cash and the premiums alongside it. All the nations' legitimate consistence is practically same and Australia ought to follow the consistence also. This legitimate consistence can assist them with running the business in very much made sure about way and furthermore quick (Bromiley et al., 2015). The outer dangers can demonstrate a sad impact on the venture and can the dangers and the dangers can be increased. The inward dangers inside the undertaking are- The straightforward strategies and methods finish The correspondence methodology Aztek must receive some propelled techniques to meet the objectives of the organization, should act proactively so that the companys ventures can get executed with lesser dangers and lesser issues. The representatives should adopt the strategy to teach his workers as the representatives if have the necessary information to guard the dangers and the vulnerabilities on the tasks the organization can be significantly outfitted (Sadgrove, 2016). They excessively adroit with the IT administrations they are craving. The pieces of the pie of Aztek and the center business exercises can outfit all in all. Government guidelines Australias government body have applied guidelines and approaches and each association must keep those principles to get the efficiency benefits. Indeed, even Aztek can complete their money related administrations in increasingly capable way. They can likewise do business exercises all the more morally. Accordingly they should act enthusiastically and must adhere to these standards (Sadgrove, 2016). The standards whenever followed can profit them just as their customers. The boundaries that must be followed are- The standards and the approaches must be reconsidered altogether and just dependent on that they should take the best choices that can assist with picking up the money related advantages just as customers evaluation. They should view the approaches as that can help them in directing the business activities. The dangers that have the likelihood to cause must be surveyed as quickly as time permits and dependent on that the money related dangers must be evaluated and appropriately moderated opportune in any case the dangers and the dangers can spread their wings and can make an overwhelming impact (Bolton, Chen Wang, 2013). iii. Aztek must consider the most ideal arrangements that it can assist them with running the business tasks with no problem, along these lines organization's monitory misfortunes can be checked, the notoriety can be ensured. Best practices Aztek must follow the accepted procedures that can profit them over the long haul. The difficulties that Aztek confronted must be all around saw by Aztek and Aztek must talk about all the parts of IT administrations with the financial specialists and the partners for the most ideal result. The report grandstands all the advantages of the IT administrations (Bolton, Chen Wang, 2013). Alongside the advantages, they should concentrate on the security model by means of which they can get the most extreme efficiency. Audit of venture alongside the current safety efforts The IT benefits that Aztek has wanted to lead are the establishment of the application server, the best possible administration arrangement of the work area. Aztek likewise has intended to play out the system arrangement also. Aztek needs to consider the different boundaries of the IT administrations and the dangers related with it as that can assist them with conducting the business exercises in the more thrived manner (Ali, Warren, Mathiassen, 2017). There are different systems that they have arranged that help them in coming future. The partners include the The administration organizations must work in team up way and should work in identified with the re-appropriating of IT administrations The supervisory crew of Aztek iii. The staffs of Aztek The customers of Aztek The financial specialists of Aztek Investigating dangers, vulnerabilities and the ultimate result Like each other association, Aztek should have a powerful system to protect the dangers, vulnerabilities of the undertaking and execute a security model with the goal that they can viably carry on their business exercises in the dexterous and viable manner. Thusly Aztek can get the ideal result they need, the profitability of the organization can be extraordinarily decorated because of the security model. The danger and the vulnerabilities expulsion can encourage the whole Aztek and Aztek's customers. Aztek manages customers of whole Australia, they manage the budgetary exercises as well (Rittinghouse Ransome, 2016). Accordingly security is an incredible concern and they should be cautious about the information similar to those information pushed penetrated they can get into difficulty. That is the reason they should evaluate the dangers from the start and afterward applying appropriate arrangements must evacuate the dangers and the dangers acquired. Aztek should realize that the dangers if not get moderated in time can make devastation. The whole framework and the database can get undermined by the malignant exercises of the hacktivists. This can prompt an enormous part of cash (Choo, 2014). This can influence their notoriety to the most extreme. Therefore they should actualize a security model to guarantee their undertaking center exercises. They ought to likewise tune in to the customers and should fill in according to requests. The Azteks security model depends on the underneath boundaries Procedures for identifying the targets To meet the destinations and objectives proposed by the organization, a security model must be arranged as this made sure about model can spare them from a wide range of vulnerabilities or provisos of the framework. The evaluation of uses Aztek must be finicky while picking applications for their undertaking. The appraisal of dangers and from that point picking suitable applications for the endeavor can help them in acquiring the objectives they need. The business activities can be prospered to the most extreme (Islam et al., 2016). The best successful arrangement can assist them with ensuring wellbeing and security and simultaneously can assist them with enjoying the best IT administrations. The feature of the highlights of the security destinations Aztek conducts budgetary exercises and their database contains all the monetary information. Likewise, their database contains their customers' delicate information and the data. These information can get penetrated if Aztek manages the information negligently (Choo, 2014). Subsequently they should act responsively and proactively and should manage the information in quick and successful way. The customer's information must be protected constantly and it is the obligation of the customers to take care of that Distinguishing proof of dangers Phishing assaults The phishing is perhaps the deadliest assault from which the Aztek customers can endure, the aggressors can hack the Aztek's customers' database and can burglarize Aztek's customers' indispensable information. The aggressors basically duplicate one's site HTML code and make a comparative site which is the first site's copycat, in this way the assailants can make a phony site out of it and dolts the Aztek's customers along these lines (Albakri et al., 2014). Another sort is sending spam messages and cheat the Azteks' customers. The blameless Aztek customers click on the li

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Stop Smoking

Consistently that ticks by 50 Americans kick the bucket. Smoking is murdering Americans day by day. Roughly 1,200 individuals bite the dust a day from smoking. A great many people don't comprehend what smoking does to their bodies. Smoking can harm lungs, decay teeth, and cause speedy maturing. First off, smoking can negatively affect your lungs. Cancer-causing agents are what makes up cigarettes. This synthetic causes cloudy develop within your lungs. This is likewise called tar. Tar development can in the long run separate the cells of the lungs and lead to cancer.Emphysema is a condition that regularly happens when the smoke is discharged into the air sacs. In this way, the air sacs are annihilated and lose flexibility. Individuals who experience the ill effects of emphysema experience brevity of breath and make some hard memories with the smallest piece of effort. Envision getting up out of your seat and strolling into the kitchen and when you arrive at the kitchen you are winded . Moreover, smoking can make your teeth decay. Smoking abatements the calcium consolidation which implies your bones arenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t as thick and more fragile.It likewise causes tobacco recolors on your teeth. The Journal of the American Medical Association analyzed a gathering of 3,531 youngsters matured from 4 to 11. They found that 53% of those with fillings of dental rot likewise had significant levels of cotinine, a nicotine subsidiary, in their blood. Therefore, aloof smoking is answerable for up to 27% of tooth rot in kids. At long last, smoking can make you age speedier. The second you take a delay a cigarette you are starting to shave a very long time off your life.When you smoke, you increment your danger of biting the dust from coronary illness, stroke, lung ailment, eye sickness, bone ailment, and disease of pretty much every organ. Tobacco smoke bargains the creation of collagen, elastin, and skin proteins that make skin solid and versatile. Without the help of these skin segments, the skin corrupts quicker and all the more harshly. Smoking is one of the most exceedingly terrible things you can do to yourself. I trust by perusing this you will never smoke or quit smoking. Smoking will just harm your lungs, decay teeth, and cause snappy maturing. Simply ask yourself. Is it justified, despite all the trouble?

Friday, August 21, 2020

The Relationship Between PTSD and Psychosis

The Relationship Between PTSD and Psychosis PTSD Related Conditions Print The Relationship Between PTSD and Psychosis By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by a board-certified physician Updated on August 15, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Frank van Groen / LOOK-foto / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Types of Psychotic Symptoms Mental Health Disorders With Psychosis Schizophrenia and PTSD Psychotic Symptoms in PTSD What This Means Treatment Is Critical View All Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and symptoms of psychosis, such as hallucinations, often occur together. In clinical terms, PTSD is described as consisting of four clusters of symptoms: re-experiencing symptoms, avoidance symptoms, negative changes in mood and brain function, and hyperarousal symptoms.?? However, some mental health professionals believe that the experience of psychotic symptoms should be considered as an addition to that list, given that they commonly occur among people with PTSD. Types of Psychotic Symptoms Psychotic symptoms can be divided into two groups: positive symptoms and negative symptoms. This doesnt mean that some psychotic symptoms are good and some are bad. Rather, positive symptoms refer to an experience, such as hallucinations, whereas negative symptoms refer to the lack of an experience. Positive Psychotic Symptoms Positive psychotic symptoms are characterized by the presence of unusual feelings, thoughts, or behaviors.?? This includes experiences such as hallucinations or delusions. Hallucinations refer to sensations of something that isnt really there. An auditory hallucination is an experience of hearing voices that arent there. A visual hallucination would involve seeing something that isnt real. Tactile hallucinations occur when you feel something that isnt there. Olfactory and gustatory hallucinations involve the experience of smelling or tasting something that isnt present.Delusions are ideas that you believe are true despite the fact that they may be unlikely or odd. For example, you might believe that the CIA is spying on you or that aliens are controlling your behaviors or thoughts.Disorganized behaviors are also very common with psychosis. You may, for example, make up words, speak in unintelligible ways, or stand in an odd pose. Positive Psychotic Symptoms Negative Psychotic Symptoms Negative psychotic symptoms are characterized by the absence of experience. For example, if you have negative symptoms, you may not be emotionally expressive. You may have difficulty speaking, may not say anything for days on end (called alogia) or be unable to accomplish simple tasks or activities, such as getting dressed in the morning.?? You may appear very unmotivated and withdrawn. Mental health professionals often refer to this lack of emotional expression as a person having a flat affect. Negative Psychotic Symptoms Flashbacks and Dissociation Flashbacks and dissociation occur commonly with PTSD, and though they are not psychotic symptoms, they share some features with psychosis, including: In a flashback, you may temporarily lose connection with your present situation, being transported back in time to a traumatic event in your memory. In a severe flashback, you may see, hear, or smell things that other people dont, consistent with a hallucination. Flashbacks often occur during periods of high stress and can be very frightening to the person experiencing them.Dissociation is an experience in which you feel disconnected from your body.?? You may not have any memory of whats happening in your environment for a period of time. The experience is similar to a daydream, but unlike a normal daydream, its very disruptive to your life. Flashbacks and Dissociation in PTSD Mental Health Disorders That Include Psychotic Symptoms These positive and negative psychotic symptoms may be seen with a number of different mental health disorders, including: PTSDBipolar disorderSchizophreniaMajor depressive disease with psychotic featuresSchizoaffective disorderSchizophreniform disorderDelusional disorder The distinction between these conditions is sometimes difficult, as there can be considerable overlap between different symptoms and conditions. Schizophrenia and PTSD Considering that schizophrenia is one of the most common psychiatric diagnoses, its not surprising that some people may have both schizophrenia and PTSD. PTSD most commonly occurs after a traumatic experience, and it has been found that traumatic experiences are more common for those with schizophrenia than for the general population. A recent study, in addition, found that there is significant genetic overlap between schizophrenia and PTSD.?? Treatment for both disorders is critical, yet some physicians are reluctant to use some of the normal approaches. For example, using exposure therapy for PTSD might not be the best choice when a person also has schizophrenia, since exposure therapy may worsen the symptoms of schizophrenia. That said, studies have found that well-thought-out treatment can reduce the symptoms of PTSD. For those who have this combination of conditions, its important to find a mental health provider who is familiar with the treatment of both conditions. Psychotic Symptoms in PTSD Researchers at the University of Manitoba, Columbia University, and the University of Regina examined the data on 5,877 people from across the United States in order to determine the rates with which people with PTSD experience different psychotic symptoms. They found that among people with PTSD, the experience of positive psychotic symptoms was most common.?? Approximately 52 percent of people who reported having PTSD at some point in their lifetime also reported experiencing a positive psychotic symptom. Most Common Psychotic Symptoms in PTSD The most common positive symptoms in the study above were:Believing that other people were spying on or following them (27.5 percent)Seeing something that others couldnt see (19.8 percent)Having unusual feelings inside or outside of their bodies, such as feeling as though they were being touched when no one was really there (16.8 percent)Believing that they could hear what someone else was thinking (12.4 percent)Being bothered by strange smells that no one else could smell (10.3 percent)Believing that their behaviors and thoughts were being controlled by some power or force (10 percent) Not surprisingly, it appears that the more PTSD symptoms youre experiencing, the greater the likelihood that you will also experience positive psychotic symptoms. Researchers have also looked at which traumatic events are most commonly related to the experience of psychotic symptoms. The events that put people most at risk include being involved in a natural disaster, seeing someone injured or killed, or experiencing shock as a result of a traumatic event that happened to a loved one. What This Means The experience of psychotic symptoms may tell the story of just how severe a persons case of PTSD is and how well he or she is coping with the condition. It may also raise red flags about the likelihood of potentially dangerous behaviors. It has been suggested that the experience of psychotic symptoms in those with PTSD may be connected to the experience of dissociation described above. Frequent dissociation may increase the risk for the development of psychotic symptoms.?? Studies have shown that people with PTSD who experience psychotic symptoms, as compared to those with PTSD who do not, may be at greater risk for a number of problems, including suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, and greater overall distress. Its important for everyone with PTSD and their loved ones to know the risk factors and warning signs of suicide. Treatment Is Critical If you or a loved one who had PTSD is experiencing psychotic symptoms, its very important to seek out treatment. Positive psychotic symptoms can usually be effectively managed through medication. Addressing PTSD symptoms in treatment may also result in a reduction of psychotic symptoms.

The Relationship Between PTSD and Psychosis

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Change in Human Rights and Civil Rights over the Course of the 20th Century Term Papers

Human rights refer to the freedom and fundamental rights to which all individuals are at liberty. They comprise of political and civil rights. Examples of freedom and rights include freedom of expression, right to liberty and life, fairness before the bylaw; economic, social and cultural rights, as well as the right to take part in traditions, the right to work, the right to eat, and the right to get educated. Civil rights on the other hand ensure of individualsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ safety and physical integrity defense from prejudice on grounds such as mental or physical disability, race, gender, age, religion among others. The history of human and civil rights covers hundreds of years and draws upon cultural, religious, legal and philosophical developments all through recorded history. A number of ancient later religions documents and beliefs include a diversity of theories that are well thought-out to be human rights (Roe 77). In the 20th century, human and civil rights became a vital concern over the slavery issue. A number of reformers worked towards the elimination of slavery. This was accomplished by the Slave Trade Act in the British Empire and the Slavery elimination Act.Ã‚ Many northern states in the United States put an end to their institution of slavery by the mid 20th century, even though states in the southern region were still economically reliant on slave labor. Debates and Conflict over the growth of slavery to new regions culminated in the American Civil War and during the southern states secession. During the renovation period following the war, several adjustments to the Constitution of the United States were made. These included the 13th and 14th amendment assuring civil rights, full citizenship and banning slavery to all individuals born in the United States, and the 15th adjustment, assuring African Americans the freedom to vote (Korematzu 54- 99). Many movements and groups have managed to attain profound social changes over the 20th century in the name of individual rights. In the North America and Western Europe, labor mergers created laws guaranteeing employees the right to forbid child labor establish minimum working surroundings and strike. The womens rights movement thrived in gaining the right to vote (Orr 77). Nationalized liberation associations in many states thrived in driving out imposing powers. Associations by long-oppressed religious and racial minorities did well in many parts of the globe. The founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross, the 1874 and the first of the Geneva conference in 1865 laid the basics of International civilized law, to be further amended following the World Wars. The gross abuses of individualÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s rights, the two World Wars, and huge losses of life that took place throughout were a driving force following the development of modern individual rights. In the 20th century, The League of Nations was established in at the discussions over the Versailles Treaty. Following the end of the First World War, the Leagues goals comprised of disarmament, preventing war through communal security, settling disagreement between countries through diplomacy, negotiation, and civilizing global welfare. Enshrined in its contract was an authorization to endorse many of the rights that were later built-in in the general Declaration of individual Rights. The Yalta Conference under the linked Powers decided to form a new body to displace the Leagues role; The UN played a significant role in global civil rights law from the time when it was created. Until the 20th century, women in Western European nations lived under many of the same lawful disabilities as women in the United States. For instance, until 1934, married women in England did not have the right to own possessions and to enter into contracts on the same level with unmarried women. Only after the 20th century was legislation approved to offer working women with employment prospects and pay then equivalent to men. Even though there were many battles left to fight after the 1950s, the humanitarian rights were crucial in American history. All through the Progressive association, American found balance to the uncontrolled growth of commerce; lives of the underprivileged and disenfranchised were better confined. At the end of the 20th century, personal freedom was hotly under debate. In 1790, during the French rebellion, a Declaration of Woman Rights to protest the revolutionists was published failure to mention women in their assertion of the Rights of individuals. During the beginning of the 20th century the term new woman came into use in the popular press. More young women were schooling, working both in white- and blue collar jobs, and supporting themselves in the city apartments. Some communal opponents feared that feminism, which they understood to mean the end of the family and home, was victorious. In fact, the usual habits of American women were altering. Even though young individuals dated more than their parents did and used the coupÃƒ © to get away from parental administration, most young women remained married and became the customary mothers and housewives. Work cited Korematzu, R. S. Vietnamese Declaration of Independence; -Berkeleys School of Information. 2008. Web. 2 Nov 1943. Orr, J. E. Universal Declaration of Human. UC: change in human right New York: Cornell University Press, 1948.Ã‚ Print. Roe ,W. Ten Years of Talking About Machines. Black Sheep Farm, USA. 1944. Web. 2Ã‚ Nov Ã‚ 1973. Brown vs. Board of Education, Change in human rights and civil rights over the course of the 20th century Berkeleys School of Information. 1978. Web. 2 Nov 1954.

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Penelope in The Odyssey Essay - 1103 Words

Penelope: In the opening chapters of The Odyssey Penelope is angry, frustrated, and helpless. She misses her husband, Odysseus. She worries about the safety of her son, Telemakhos. Her house is overrun with arrogant men who are making love to her servants and eating her out of house and home, all the while saying that they are courting her. She doesnt want to marry any of them, and their rude behavior can hardly be called proper courtship. She has wealth and position; she has beauty and intelligence; most of all she has loyalty to her husband. But against this corrupt horde who gather in her courtyard shooting dice, throwing the discus, killing her husbands cattle for their feasts, and drinking his wine, she is powerless. After theÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦He is both brutal and sensitive, bold and shy. Loyalty: Loyalty is most apparent in Penelopes resisting of the suitors, but it is a trait essential to all the characters in Odysseus family. For twenty years Odysseus never stops wanting to return home. Telemakhos will not send his mother back to her father and force her to choose another husband. Instead, he sets out to find news of his father. The servants Eurykleia and Eumaios are also important exemplars of loyalty. Athenas devotion to Odysseus is another. Intelligence: The ability to solve problems is vital to an epic hero. Odysseus, as James Joyce put it, invented the first tank when he devised the Trojan horse. Penelopes ruse of unweaving the shroud shows her intelligence. Odysseus quick wit and invention of believable lies, helping him to conceal his identity and assess situations, are much admired by Athena. The Odyssey and The Pearl: Loyalty Loyalty to another person or to a cause may be an admirable trait, but it can lead to either positive or negative consequences. In Homers epic The Odyssey and John Steinbecks novel The Pearl there are characters that show great examples of this trait. Penelope in The Odyssey and Juana in The Pearl are the most obvious, although there are many. Penelope stayed loyal to Odysseus while he was on his twenty-year journey and Juana stayed by her husband through his time ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Role of Penelope in Homers Odyssey788 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesThe Role of Penelope in Homers Odyssey The character of Penelope in Homers Odyssey has served as an archetype of femininity proper. Her physical attributes, while comely by even the most demanding standards, are veiled. Her intellectual attributes are veiled too. She seems more often than not to wear a veil of tears (for her man) or a veil of silence (for her own wishes), or ineptitude (in her dealings with her son). She is certainly no Helen. She is not flaunting or whore-ish. She is notRead More Character of Penelope in Homers Odyssey Essay1374 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesThe Character of Penelope in The Odyssey My lady, there is no man in the wide world who could find fault with you. For your fame has reached broad heaven itself, like that of some illustrious king.(Page 289,Book 19, The Odyssey) Penelope played one of the most vital roles in Homers timeless classic Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe OdysseyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, as both Odysseuss patient and loving wife and as the Queen of Ithaca. Her great love for Odysseus is most powerfully shown with her persistence in waiting nineteen years for herRead MoreCompare And Contrast Penelope And Penny In The Odyssey1029 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesPenelope and Penny are a similar character in various circumstances. Penelope is the spouse of Odysseus in the book The Odyssey, Penny is a similar character however in the motion picture. Penny and Penelope have a great deal of similitudes that all associates with their spouses Odysseus in the book The Odyssey and Everett in the film O sibling where craftsmanship thou. Penelope and Penny are hitched to men of experience, the ways they handle their relationship uncovers the sort of lady theyRead MoreEssay about Importance of Penelope in Homers Odyssey1129 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pages Ã‚ Odysseuss wife, Penelope plays a crucial role in Homers Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe OdysseyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, with not only providing the motivation for Odysseuss return to Ithaca, but she is also the center of the plot involving the suitors and the fate of Telemakos and Ithaca itself.Ã‚ Therefore the objective of this essay is to analyze the importance of PenelopeÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s role in Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe OdysseyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢.Ã‚ As aforementioned Penelope is the main reason for Odysseuss return to Ithaca, as well as wanting to be united with his son TelemakosRead MoreEssay about The Role of Penelope in Homers Odyssey1100 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pages Ã‚ Odysseuss wife, Penelope plays a very important role in Homers Odyssey.Ã‚ She provides the motivation for Odysseuss return to Ithaca.Ã‚ She is also the center of the plot involving the suitors and the fate of Telemakos and Ithaca itself.Ã‚ The objective of this essay is to analyze the important role of Penelope in Odyssey.Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Penelope is the reason for Odysseuss return to Ithaca.Ã‚ He is driven throughout his entire journey to go back and see his wife.Ã‚ He turns down immortalityRead MoreEssay about Strong Penelope of Homers Odyssey1282 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesThe Strong Penelope of The Odyssey My lady, there is no man in the wide world who could find fault with you. For your fame has reached broad heaven itself, like that of some illustrious king.(Page 289,Book 19) In Homers epic, The Odyssey, Odysseus is an epic hero with an epic wife, Penelope. Penelope is also the Queen of Ithaca, a vital role indeed. Penelopes love and devotion towards Odysseus is proven when she waits nineteen years for her husband to return from the wine dark sea, ratherRead More Penelope, Clytaemestra, Athena, and Helen of HomerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Odyssey1448 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesThe Ideal Women of HomerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Odyssey Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ancient Greek society treated women as secondary citizens. Restrictions were placed on the social and domestic actions of many aristocratic women in ancient Athens.Ã‚ The women depicted in Homers Odyssey, on the other hand, are the ideal.Ã‚ Penelope, Clytaemestra, Athena, and Helen are all women with exceptional liberty and power.Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Before comparing the women of the Odyssey to those of Athens, it is beneficial to take a look into the livesRead More The Strong Character of Penelope in Homers Odyssey Essay1915 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 8 PagesThe Strong Character of Penelope in Homers Odyssey Ã‚ Homers Odyssey is a story of the homecoming of Odysseus after the Trojan War.Ã‚ Odysseus left his wife, Penelope, and their young son, Telemachos, almost twenty years before the telling of this story to fight in the Trojan War.Ã‚ His absence places Penelope in a rather precarious position.Ã‚ Faced with many different circumstances, both good and bad, Penelope is on her own to decide the path she wishes to take.Ã‚ Depending on her decisionsRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Penelope as Moral Agent in HomerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Odyssey3049 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 13 PagesIn her essay Penelope as Moral Agent, Helene Foley attempts to discuss Penelope, a major character in Homers the Odyssey, in terms of Classical Athenian portrayals of women and, as her title suggests, in terms of what she calls a moral agent. In her introductory paragraph she lays out guidelines as set down by Aristotle and his contemporaries that constitute a moral agent: the character must make an ethical and moral decision on which the actions turns...without critical knowledge of the circumstancesRead MoreSummary Of The Odyssey 1537 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pages Senior IX English September 22, 2014 The Importance of Perspectives in The Odyssey and The Penelopiad Margaret Atwood writes in her novel The Penelopiad Ã¢â‚¬Å"IÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ve chosen to give the telling of the story to Penelope and the twelve hanged maids...which focus on two questions that must pose themselves after any close reading of The Odyssey: what led to the hanging of the maids, and what was Penelope really up to?Ã¢â‚¬ The Odyssey tells the story of the long journey of OdysseusÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s return home to Ithaca after

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Sociology Of Sports And Society - 1081 Words

Table of Contents Introduction 2 Sociology in Sport 2 Access and Equity 2 Access 2 Equity 2 Figueroa Framework 3 Access Equity in Australia 3 Figueroa Framework Ã¢â‚¬Å"InterpersonalÃ¢â‚¬ 3 Ã¢â‚¬Å"InterpersonalÃ¢â‚¬ Impact on decisions this paragraph should flow directly on from the previous paragraph 5 Barriers 5 Introduction Sociology in Sport Sociology of sports, also referred to as sports sociology, is the study of the relationship between sports and society. It examines how culture and values influence sports, how sports influences culture and values, and the relationship between sports and media, politics, economics, religion, race, gender, youth, etc. (Crossman, 2015). It also looks at the relationship between sports and social inequality and social mobility (Crossman, 2015). Access and Equity Access The process by which efforts are made to ensure that everyone, regardless of their background, experiences and circumstances, can gain access to services and facilities that they need to achieve their own potential in life (Casebourne Britton, 2002) Equity Equity is about fairness in sport, equality of access, recognizing inequalities and taking steps to address them. It is about changing the culture and structures of sport to ensure that it becomes equally accessible to all members of society, whatever their age, ability, gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality or social or economic status (England, 2010). Figueroa Framework Professor Peter Figueroa developed a tool toShow MoreRelatedSports And Society : Annual Review Of Sociology880 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesIn the Journal Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sport and Society: Annual Review of SociologyÃ¢â‚¬ written by Robert E. Washington and David Karen they talk about gender and sports in one section of their Journal. In this section the author addresses masculinity in sports and the attempts of Title IX to try and make sports equal in the sense that if women make up 40% of the athlete population they should receive 40% of the resources. However, this is not the case Ã¢â‚¬Å"The most recent data (Suggs 2000) reveal that in 1998Ã¢â‚¬â€œ1999 women madeRead MoreEssay on John J. Coakley on the Sociology of Sport1056 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pagesdifferent around other friends? Sociology is the study of these and other social behaviors and how people interact with others in groups. The sociology of sport is seen as a subdivision of sociology where the main focus is on the relationship between society and sport. There are many ways to analyze the sociology of sport. One way is to look behind what society sees as real to see if things are really as they seem. Another way to analyze the sociology of sport is to objectively look at otherRead MoreSport Sociology : Sports As A Part Of Cultural And Social Life1577 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesReview Sport sociology examines sports as a part of cultural and social life, and adds a different dimension and perspective to the study of sport and exercise. More specifically, sport sociology examines the relationship between sports and society and seeks answers to many issues and questions regarding sport and culture. Sociology of sport poses critical and controversial issues; additionally, sports are considered a microcosm of society, the same social issues that exist in larger society also existRead MoreM382 Exam 1study Guide Essays1036 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesExam I Study Guide 1. Definition and focus of sport sociology. a. Sociology: interaction between groups and their inherent cultures b. Sport sociology: relationship between sport and society by examining its inherent institutions (race, gendersÃ¢â‚¬ ¦) i. 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There are many disciplines within sport that are interesting, however, from my point of view, sociology is the most interesting one as it gives a true picture to what sports is like within society, in addition it emphasises the significance of sport in society since the early nineteenth century (Bell, 2009)Read MoreGender Inequality For Women s Sports982 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesRunning head: INEQUALITIES FOR WOMEN IN SPORTS Inequalities for Women in Sports TÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Keyah Thomas Georgia Southern University Sociology 1101 October 18, 2015 Sociology 1101: Reasearch Proposal Inequalities for Women in Sports Introduction: As an adolescent, I was very interested in sports. In fact, sports were all around me. I was usually the tallest of my friends, therefore I was faced with more opportunities concerning sports. The main sports I played were basketball and softballRead MoreMy Social Science Requirement For My Associate Degree923 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pages At first I took this sociology course because I needed to cover my social science requirement for my associate degree. During the first week of school, I started reading the sociology book by Schaefer, and I became interested in the theories that sociologist came up with. When I started reading the modern development theorists, Charles Horton Cooley, it was so fascinating because he focused on social interaction. Cooley came up with the concept called Ã¢â‚¬Å"looking glass selfÃ¢â‚¬ , and I will explainRead MorePsychology And Sociology And Psychology1612 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesWhen we think of society or people, and their behavior, psychology and sociology come to our mind. This is because they are academic fields that posses the same main idea, which is the study of the behavior. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Nutrition is the science that deals with food and Essay Example For Students

Nutrition is the science that deals with food and Essay how the body uses it. All living things need food to live. The food supplies energy, which people need to perform certain actions. Food also provides substances that the body needs to build and repair its tissues and to regulate its organs and organ systems. Food provides certain chemical substances needed in order for a person to maintain good health. These chemical substances are called nutrients. Nutrients can perform three important functions. They provide materials for building, repairing, or maintaining body tissues. They help regulate body processes. They serve as fuel to provide energy. The body needs energy to maintain all its functions. People who do not get enough nutrients are sometimes lazy and are unwilling to work. The foods we eat contain thousands of different chemicals. Our body, however, only needs only a few dozen of these chemicals in order to stay healthy. These are the nutrients that the body needs. Nutrients are divided into six main groups. They are (1)water, (2)carbohydrates, (3)fats, (4)proteins, (5)minerals, (6)vitamins. Water, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are called macronutrients. Since macro means large, the body needs these four nutrients in large amounts. Minerals and vitamins are called micronutrients (because micro means small). The body needs only small amounts of these nutrients. Water is the most important nutrient. Our bodies can survive without other nutrients for several weeks, but we can only go without water for about one week. Water is needed in great amounts because the body consists largely of water. Between 50 and 75 percent of a normal persons body weight is made up of water. The body needs water to carry out all of its life processes. Watery solutions help dissolve other nutrients and carry them to all of the tissues. The body also needs water to carry away waste products and to cool itself. Adults should drink about 2 1/2 quarts of water every day. The carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are needed because they have nutrients which provide energy. Carbohydrates include all sugars and starches. They are the main source of energy for living things. There are two types of carbohydrates, simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates include sugars and have a simple molecular structure. Complex carbohydrates include starches and have a larger and more complicated molecular structure. The structure consists of many simple carbohydrates linked together. Fats are a highly concentrated source of energy. All fats are composed of an alcohol called glycerol and substances called fatty acids. A fatty acid consists of a long chain of carbon atoms. There are three types of fatty acids. They are saturated, monounsaturated, and polysaturated. This is a chart that describes the amount of fat per serving. The bold words can be found on many food products in the supermarket. Fat free: less than 0.5 grams of fat per serving Saturated fat free: less than 0.5 grams of saturated fat per serving, and the level of trans fatty acids does not exceed 1% of total fat Low fat: 3 gram or less per serving and, if the serving is 30 grams or less or 2 tablespoons or less, per 50 grams of the food Low saturated fat: 1 grams or less per serving and not more than 15% of calories from saturated fatty acids Reduced or Less fat: at least 25% less per serving than compared food Proteins serve as one of the main building materials for the body. Skin, cartilage, muscle, and hair are made up largely of proteins. Protein also contains enzymes which speed up chemical reactions. Cells could not function without these enzymes. Proteins also serve as hormones (chemical messengers) and as antibodies (disease fighting chemicals). Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of smaller units called amino acids. The body must have a sufficient supply of twenty amino acids. It can produce eleven of them in sufficient amounts. .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 , .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .postImageUrl , .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 , .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4:hover , .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4:visited , .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4:active { border:0!important; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4:active , .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4 .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u79e90b822093ef3b255cb1dcbdf0bea4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Leo (401 words) Essay The nine others are called essential amino acids. The body cannot make these amino acids. They must come from food. The best sources of protein are cheese, eggs, lean meat, fish, and milk. The proteins in these foods are called complete proteins. They are called this because they contain adequate amounts of all the essential amino acids. Cereal grains, legumes (plants of the pea family), .

Saturday, April 4, 2020

Enzyme Catalase Essay Example

Enzyme Catalase Paper Enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalysts (Perry, Morton 2007). They maintain the bodyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s stable internal balance, and without them life would be impossible (Sullivan, 2013). Enzymes are capable of speeding up reactions that otherwise would happen at a slower rate. Even though we have hundreds of different enzymes in our cells, each enzyme is specific for one particular reaction that occurs in the cell (Fuentes, 2011). A catalyst is responsible for lowering the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur. The activation energy is then lowered enough to the affect called a molehill. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction the substrate, which is the substance being reacted upon, is the reactant (Perry, Morton 2007). The substrate only fits in a specific active site, and is later broken down by the enzyme (Lab Report). Enzyme molecules and substrate molecules merge together to form an enzyme-substrate complex, however this is only temporary. Once the molecules are bound the enzyme-substrate complex changes shape slightly. This allows the chemical reaction to process faster. The molecule is then released unchanged and is capable of catalyzing the same reaction over and over (Perry, Morton 2007). Catalase is a specific enzyme that is found in many animal and plant tissues (Sullivan, 2013). It is used to speed up reactions that break down hydrogen peroxide. For example, the enzyme is catalase and the substrate is hydrogen peroxide (Lab Report). We will write a custom essay sample on Enzyme Catalase specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Enzyme Catalase specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Enzyme Catalase specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hydrogen peroxide is a byproduct of numerous cellular reactions that happen in our body, however this byproduct is very toxic to our cells. When catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide it is converted into two harmless substances, water and oxygen (Fuentes, 2011). The purpose of this study is to test certain factors, and how they affect the rate of the reaction that it catalyzes. The test factors include: substrate concentration, pH, and temperature.

Sunday, March 8, 2020

10 Fascinating Facts About Aphids

10 Fascinating Facts About Aphids As the joke goes, aphids suck. And while this is both literally and figuratively true, in some respects, any entomologist will tell you that aphids are interesting and sophisticated insects. Aphids Poop Sugar Aphids feed by piercing the phloem tissue of the host plant and sucking up the sap. Unfortunately, sap is mostly sugar, so an aphid must consume a lot of sap to meet its nutritional requirement for protein.Ã‚ Much of what the aphid consumes goes to waste. The excess sugar is eliminated in the form of a sugary droplet called honeydew. An aphid-infested plant quickly becomes coated in the sticky excretions. Sugar-Loving Ants Tend to Some Aphids Anyone who has battled sugar ants in their kitchen can tell you that ants have a sweet tooth. Ants are therefore very fond of bugs that can poop large quantities of sugar. Aphid-herding ants will care for their adopted aphids, carrying them from plant to plant and milking them for honeydew. In exchange for the sweet treats they get from the aphids in their care, they provide the aphids with protection from predators and parasites. Some ants even take the aphids home to their nest during the winter months, keeping them safe until spring. Aphids Have a Lot of Enemies Im not just talking about gardeners, either. Aphids are slow, theyre plump, and theyre sweet to eat (presumably). A single plant can host hundreds or even thousands of aphids, offering predators a real smorgasbord of snacks. Aphid eaters include lady beetles, lacewings, minute pirate bugs, hoverfly larvae, big-eyed bugs, damsel bugs, and certain stinging wasps, among others. Entomologists even have a term for the many insects that feed on aphids Ã¢â‚¬â€œ aphidophagous. Aphids Have Tailpipes Most aphids have a pair of tubular structures on their hind ends, which entomologists describe as looking like tiny tailpipes. These structures, called cornicles or sometimes siphunculi, seem to serve a defensive purpose. When threatened, an aphid releases a waxy fluid from the cornicles. The sticky substance gums up the mouth of the predator in pursuit and is thought to trap parasitoids before they can infect the aphid. Aphids Sound an Alarm When Theyre in Trouble Like many insects, some aphids use alarm pheromones to broadcast a threat to other aphids in the area. The aphid under attack releases these chemical signals from its cornicles, sending nearby aphids running for cover. Unfortunately for the aphids, some lady beetles have learned the aphid language, too. The lady beetles follow the alarm pheromones to locate an easy meal. Aphids Fight Back Aphids may look defenseless, but they dont go down without a fight. Aphids are expert kickboxers and will pummel their pursuers with their hind feet. Some aphids bear spines that make them challenging to chew on, and others are merely thick-skinned. Aphids are also known to go on the offensive, stabbing the eggs of predatory insects to kill their enemies in vitro. If all else fails, aphids stop, drop, and roll off their host plant to escape predation. Some Aphids Employ Soldiers for Protection Although not common, certain gall-making aphids produce special soldier nymphs to protect the group. These female guards never molt into adulthood, and their sole purpose is to protect and serve. Aphid soldiers are fiercely committed to their job and will sacrifice themselves if needed. Soldier aphids often have burly legs with which they can detain or squeeze intruders. Aphids Lack Wings (Until They Need Them) Aphids are generally apterous (wingless), and unable to fly. As you might imagine, this can put them at a considerable disadvantage if environmental conditions deteriorate, since they arent very mobile. When the host plant becomes a little too crowded with hungry aphids, or if its sucked dry and theres a lack of sap, the aphids may need to disperse and find new host plants. Thats when wings come in handy. Aphids will periodically produce a generation of alates Ã¢â‚¬â€œ winged adults capable of flight. Flying aphids dont set any aviation records, but they can ride a wind gust with some skill to relocate. Female Aphids Can Reproduce Without Mating Because aphids have so many predators, their survival depends on their numbers. A quick and easy way to boost the population is to dispense with the nonsense of mating. Female aphids are parthenogenetic, or capable of virgin births, no males required. Like Russian nesting dolls, a female aphid may carry developing young, which are themselves already carrying developing young. This significantly shortens the development cycle and increases population numbers rapidly. Aphids Give Birth to Live Young You might expect a bug that seems so primitive to lay eggs like more other insects do, but aphids are pretty sophisticated when it comes to reproduction. There isnt time to wait for eggs to develop and hatch. So aphids practice viviparity, giving birth to live young. The aphids eggs begin to develop as soon as ovulation occurs, without any fertilization. Sources: Insects: Their Natural History and Diversity, by Stephen A. MarshallEncyclopedia of Entomology, 2nd edition, edited by John L. CapineraAphid Ecology: An Optimization Approach, by Anthony Frederick George Dixon

Friday, February 21, 2020

Offshoring And Outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Offshoring And Outsourcing - Essay Example Once the operation is outsourced to a given service provider, they will take the responsibility of conducting the operation and maintaining the management assets.When a company offshores, it just shifts the location of production or a service abroad. Examples of such are companies who outsource to foreign companies - for instance, Wal-Mart offshores production lines of a certain part of Chinese firms. Likewise, offshoring also refers companies who transfer specific lines of products or services to a location abroad without outsourcing the job. When a company offshores, it just shifts the location of production or a service abroad. Examples of such are companies who outsource to foreign companies - for instance, Wal-Mart offshores production lines of a certain part of Chinese firms. Likewise, offshoring also refers companies who transfer specific lines of products or services to a location abroad without outsourcing the job. Most of the times a company may never handle all aspects of organization's process internally or times they lack capacities to do so thus the need to outsource. Moreover, some processes are temporary, and the company may not intend to hire in-house experts to perform the tasks. These are some of the considerations including concerns for the economic accusation of labor and cost of production generally. For instance, instead of Wal-Mart paying more to acquire labor and raw material in a Specific line of production, they would rather outsource in China and in the long run obtain more gains.

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

The movie Amadeus Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Amadeus - Movie Review Example The perception of Salieri is characteristic of many people in the society who fails to understand that in some cases talent fail to go together with reputation. Due to the limited introduction in the first meeting in Archbishops palace Salieri relies on the offstage irrelevance symptoms in Mozart and feels that there is little that can come out of such a personality (Ebert 151-3).Their close interaction exposes the true picture of Salieri when Mozart stands out in composition and performance. The ability of Mozart significantly shakes the faith of Salieri as he senses danger of being displaced and losing the battle of musical supremacy to this new entrant. SalieriÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s previous misconception was based on poor ability to distinguish between reputation and intrinsic talent. He failed to realize that God use people to express unique differences and when Mozart critiques and refine March of Welcome with immediate popularity Salieri are surprised. It is evident from the film that Salieri was a devoted God fearing man who hinged his entire dreams of hitting the heights of music through serving in the court. It seems he arrived before Mozart and remained the shining start before his skills are overtaken with the arrival of his perceived competitor. Since Salieri was previously the finest composer in the court for the emperor, he held the title of "brightest star" in Viennas musical life (Ebert 151-3). By occupying a central place in the heart of the emperor as far as his musical talent was concerned, Salieri could not imagine of getting challenged until Mozart arrived. The discontent of Salieri in his ability is seen from MozartÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s emergence to redo the composition of Salieri and turn it into what becomes the Non piÃƒ ¹ andrai which touches even the attention of SalieriÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s own wife. Imagining of how God is using Mozart to produce a refined set piece in music drives Salieri jealous and overlooks the praises he had got from the emperor. The

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

The Relationship Between Host Community And Guest Tourism Essay

The Relationship Between Host Community And Guest Tourism Essay 2.0 Introduction Tourism is a product that relies totally upon simultaneous production and consumption. The implication of this for the destinations host community is that it will come into contact with an alien population during the production process. This contact can be beneficial or detrimental to the host community depending upon the difference in cultures and the nature of the contact. Tourism can develop and grow when host community has a positive attitude toward it and when they see their role in the process of the tourism development. At the point when a tourism destination is born, the quality if the life of the local hosts goes through radical changes, which are not necessarily negative. Literature suggests that tourism development has created both positive and negative impacts on communities. As a consequence, community residents hold different attitudes towards tourism development. Residents who do not support the development of tourism have been identified in almost all segmentation studies concerning attitudes towards tourism, namely Haters (Davis et al. 1988; Madrigal 1995), Cynics (Williams and Lawson 2001) or Somewhat Irritated (Ryan and Montgomery 1994). Host communities do see new business opportunities in tourism and are motivated to explore them. At the same time, they know that some negative physical, cultural, social and economic impacts will emer ge. The most complex problems that accompany tourism development, reside in the relationship between local host and tourist. Furthermore , there are limits of tourism growth that are closely associated with the place capacity and with the quality of life in the local community. The most complex problems that accompany tourism development, reside in the relationship between tourists and local host. Furthermore, there are limits of tourism growth that are closely associated with the place capacity and with the quality of life in the local community. When these limits are exceeded, local residents develop negative attitudes towards tourism. When negative attitudes become beliefs, tourism development obstacles appear. The beliefs of the local hosts become the most reliable indicator of the limits to the growth of tourism. 2.1 Tourism Development Tourism development is an expression that encompasses not only destinations, origins, motivations and impacts, but also the complex linkage that exist between all the people and institutions of that interconnecting, global supply and demand system ( Pearce, 1989). It has been widely recognized that tourism development is a double-edged sword for host communities. Not only does it generate benefits, but it also imposes costs (Jafari, 2001). By evaluating these benefits and costs, host community develop their perception toward tourism. Tourism is an industry which uses the host community as a resource, sells it as a product , and in the process affects the lives of everyone ( Murphy,1981). In general, tourism development within a host community often impacts the community both in negative and positive ways. These Impacts have been well documented and are usually classified as socio-cultural impacts, environmental impacts and economic impacts ( Allen et al., 1988; Ap, Farrell et al., 2001; Liu and Sheldon, 1987; Liu and Var, 1986; Nepal,2008; Pappas, 2008; Van Winkle and Mackay,2008). Residents attitudes will be positive if they can use tourism resources such as recreational facilities or if they perceive that tourism development will protect or preserve the environment ( Lankford et al, 2003). Conversely attitudes towards tourism were found to be negative if residents perceived the impacts as negative, or if the resources within a host community diminish as a result of tourist activity ( Lankford et al.,2003; Perdue et al., 1990). Tourism development initiatives usually center around the economic benefits derived from tourism. This typically includes job creation, taxes and other indirect income. 2.2 Tourism Planning Based on the World Tourism Organisations Hainan Declaration in December 2000, it is noted that one of the reasons for the failure of tourism planning in the past can be attributed to the lack of consultation with the local residents (Yahya et al. 2005:According to Williams and Lawson (2001) and Gursoy et al. (2002), research on residents reactions to tourism can help tourism planners understand why residents support or oppose tourism. Such information can help planners select those developments that can minimize the negative impacts and maximize support for tourism development amongst certain members of the local population. It has now become widely recognized that planners and entrepreneurs must take the views of the host community into account if the industry wants to pursue the goal of sustainable development (Allen et al. 1988; Ap and Crompton 1993). Success of a regional tourism development plan depends on the successful involvement of the community (Inbakaran and Jackson 2006: 64).Difference between success and failure could be location or temporally based so this research aims to set the foundation for continuing studies and inform local policy makers, planners and managers. This is particularly relevant in light of recent changes to local government structures in the region. Moreover, the successful development of a tourism industry requires effective planning that both recognises tourists demands and emphasizes the values of the local host community (Lankford, 1994). 2.3 Host community According to Sherlock (1999), it is difficult to define the term community precisely; nevertheless, the word can be used to refer to a group of people who exist in one particular location. Aramberri (2001) suggests that host societies are in fact communities, made of one piece. For Williams and Lawson (2001) community is defined as a group of people who share common goals or opinions. Host Community is particular is defined by Mathieson and Wall (1982) as the Inhabitants of the destination area. Similarly, Swarbrooke (1999) defines it as all those who live within a tourist destination. According to Gursoy et al.(2002) and Williams and Lawson (2001), the community consists of different groups of people who live in the same geographical area, which does not mean they necessarily belong to the same community. In the light of the previous definition, it can be concluded that a host community consists of all those people in the destination, whether they are homogeneous or heterogeneous an d regardless of whether the impacts of tourism are beneficial or otherwise. Tourism is an industry which uses the host community as a resource to sell it as a product, and in the process affects the lives of everyone (Murphy, 1980). The community as a product of amalgam of the destinations resources. As such the tourism industry is dependent on the host communitys hospitality, and therefore it should be developed according to the communitys needs to desires. Before host communities begin development of tourism resources, it is imperative to gain an understanding of hosts opinions regarding development. Tourism development in a community is not simply a matter of matching product supply with tourist demand, local acceptability must also be considered ( Menning, 1995). Moreover, it is the host community to who has a voice in concluding which tourism impacts are acceptable and which impacts are problems. However, the host is community is often the last to be notified of tourism development (Thyne and Lawson,2001) and quite often they are not given a chance or encouraged to give their opinioin on tourism issues. 2.4 Relationship Between Host Community and Guest A good relationship between local hosts and tourist is essential for the long term development of tourism destination. ( Ap and Crompton, 1998). The relationship between host community and tourists is mainly affected by the socio-cultural impacts that are caused due to tourism development (Smith, 1995). The variation in the relationship between hosts and tourists depends on the level to which the benefits of tourism are perceived to exceed costs ( Faulkner and Tideswell 1997). In other words, this mean that if the tourism industry brings in benefit rather than cost to the host community, the relationship between both parties would be much more stronger. Smith (1989) conclude that contacts between tourist and host community if different cultural background take the form of direct face to face encounters between tourists and host of different cultural groups. The interaction between hosts and international guests raises another issue linked to cultural tolerance. As argued by Bochner ( 1982), the mutual understanding between cultures can create an opportunity for acquaintance leading towards enhanced understanding and tolerance and, consequently, reduce prejudice, conflict and tension between hosts and tourists.This type of contact is experienced by tourists when they travel from home culture to a host culture by hosts when they serve tourists from a foreign culture. That is, both tourist and the host community participate in exploring each others culture. Tourist exploring the host culture by learning and exploring it and on the other hand the host community is interacting with tourists, who are of foreign cultures. 2.5 Host community perception towards tourism development Research has been conducted for the convenience of tourists, while local community perceptions and attitudes towards the industry have been given less of a priority (Murphy 1985). Butler (1980) claimed that there is a correlation between the development of tourism and the attitude of the domestic people towards the tourists. The domestic people show a very positive attitude towards the increasing number of tourists in the region at the beginning because they have high expectations from the tourist in long term basis. However this positive attitude is gradually replaced by the negative attitude as the time passes. Local residents perceptions are strongly influenced by the benefits and costs of tourism development. Those who received benefit from tourism stated that they are dependent on tourism, but the case was contrary for those who received nothing For instance, destination communities have been inconvenienced by congestion and some other negative impacts brought by tourism (Brunt and Courtney 1999). Any impacts from tourism causing annoyance or anger in the host community may lead to problems for the long-term development of the industry. Therefore, Murphy (1985: 133) argued if tourism is to merit its pseudonym of being the hospitality industry, it must look beyond its own doors and employees to consider the social and cultural impacts it is having on the host community at large. Studying host community attitudes and the antecedents of resident reaction can help both residents and planners (Williams and Lawson 2001).Williams and Lawson argued that it was possible to select those developments that can minimize negative impacts and maximize support for the industry. By doing so, on one hand the quality of life of residents can be maintained or enhanced; and, on the other hand, the negative impacts of tourism in the community wil l be reduced. 2.6 Tourism Impacts Researchers in the early years of the twentyfirst century list an impressive range of both positive and negative impacts on the host community as a result of tourism development (Fredline and Faulkner, 2000; Upchurch and Teivane, 2000; Gursoy et al., 2002; Besculides et al., 2002) The study of impacts from tourism on local communities takes in a range of literature that includes both the positive and negative effects of hosting tourists to a community. Andereck and Vogt (2000) point out that residents of a tourist community differ with respect to the impacts resulting from tourism development. However, researchers agree that a necessary condition of successful tourism development strategy is the inclusion of residents of the entire community if tourism investment is to yield substantial returns (Allen et al., 1988, 1993; Jurowski Uysal, 1997; Long et al ., 1990; Snepenger Johnson, 1991). 2.6.1 Socio-cultural Impacts Tourism is a socio-cultural event for both the guest and host (Murphy, 1985) and the contact between host and tourists can be beneficial or detrimental to the host community depending upon the difference in cultures and the nature of the contact .Tourism development also affects the social, cultural and environmental aspects within a destination. Socio-cultural impacts are concerned with the ways in which tourism is contributing to changes in value systems, individual behaviour, family relationships, collective lifestyles, moral conduct, creative expressions, traditional ceremonies and community organization (Pizam Milman, 1984, cited in Haralambopoulos Pizam, 1996, p.503). Host community has always been viewed as victims having to accept the social and cultural changes that are brought by tourism development (Sharpley and Telfer, 2002), while guest who imposes their own values on the host communities are viewed as the villain. Socio-cultural aspects within a destination may be positively affected through increased tourism Research (Ap Crompton, 1998; Easterling, 2004) suggests that tourism brings an increased understanding of other cultures, and strengthens the cultural identity of the host destination and increases community pride. Furthermore, tourism development increases and promotes cultural exchange between tourists and residents. Tourism can also be a force to preserve and revitalize the cultural identity and traditional practices of host communities and act as a source of income to protect heritage sites (Easterling, 2004). Tourism on the socio-cultural aspects can contribute to the revitalisation of arts, crafts and local culture and to the realization of cultural identity and heritage. In order to attract more tourists, architectural and historical sites are restored and protected (Inskeep, 1991). According to a study by Isik (2005) in Denmark, it was common that local people are not happy because tourism narrowed their alternatives of life, they do not have jobs, for children and the youth there are no activities for fun, no cinemas and entertainment. Life is too monotonous. Many years ago, citizens were very happy; there was a perfect friendship between the neighbors but now they do not even greet each other. However, the same study was carried out in GÃƒ ¼zelÃƒ §amlÃƒâ€žÃ‚ ± in Turkey reveals that hosts are very happy with tourists and every summer they organize festivals to get more tourists From a cultural perspective, tourism development and the appearance of tourists could cause a series of changes in host communities, such as increased price and identity, cohesion, exchange of ideas and increased knowledge about cultures ( Stein Anderson 1999). In other word, meaning that the host community will gain in about the tourist culture, helping them to expand their knowledge. Other changes included assimilation, conflict and xenophobia as well as artificial reconstructio (Besculides, Lee McCormick 2002). Relevant literature acknowledged that perception of host community on such impacts ambivalent that is they have a feeling of both hate and love towards changes occurring with the tourism development. To others, the cultural changes caused by tourism threatens to destroy traditional cultures and societies (Brunt Courtney 199, p 495) and to others it represented an opportunity for peace, understanding and greater knowledge ( Brunt Courtney 1999, p.495).With an expansion in the international tourism, the contact between guest and host would increased automatically. Such an increase would deepen the cultural impacts of tourism on host communities. In an extreme situation, the host communities could become culturally dependent on the tourism generating country ( Sharpley 1994). 2.7 Factors Influencing Host community perception towards tourism development Tourism development does not only generate benefits, but it also imposes costs ( Jafari, 2001). By evaluating these benefits and costs, host community develop their perception toward tourism development. However, previous research indicates that the development of locals hosts attitudes toward tourism is not determined by those perceived benefits and costs but is modified by various moderating variables ( Lankford, 1994). Those tested variables are classified as the intrinsic dimension which includes residents socio-cultural economic and demographic attributes , but the results are mixed.

Sunday, January 19, 2020

A Day In The Life Of A Gnome :: essays research papers

A Day in the Life of a Gnome Once upon a time there was a gnome named Knob, who lived the far off land of Gnomania. Gnomania is a huge underground lair with only one entrance. The only entrance to this lair is by swimming down to the bottom of the ocean floor and knocking on a large clam. On the other side of this clam is an old grouchy gnome named Stubby whose only job was to keep the clam clean, and listen for the knock of incoming visitors. To assist Stubby in guarding the clam, he had a pet snark. A snark is an animal or pet that can be used as a watchdog. One day Knob went to visit his grandmother in the land of Gnollie which is about a guzillion centimeters away from Gnomania. On his way to his grandmother's house he ran across a garden. Upon stumbling on the garden, he decided to be thoughtful and pick some tulips for his grandmother. Tulips were her favorite snack. While approaching his grandmother's house, he found something to be very strange. His grandmother was hovering on an hummingbird, while picking apples from her tall twenty-foot appletree. After contemplating on this strange doing, he decided not to let it bother him. After seeing Knob approach her house, Knob's grandmother whistled for the hummingbird to bring her down so she could greet him. She greeted him with a loud burp which was a common courtesy among Gnomanians. After greeting him she also sprinkled him with some of her fairy dust. She handily carried it around in her turban. She naturally invited him in for dinner where they ate lots of mosquitoes. After dinner, they watched a cheap imitation of television. They used a big box to put different animals in and called it the Discovery channel. By the end of the day Knob was getting a little weary, so he decided to return home. When he returned form Gnollie his pet snark was there to welocme him home. He welcomed his snark back by feeding it fisheyes or to us humans dog biscuits. After the short snack, Knob and his snark went back to his teepee where they hibernated until the next morning. The next day Knob met up with his friend Door. Door was a runaway gnome who lived on the streets of Gnomania. They met one day by accident. Since Door lived on the streets, he had to steal food to survive. One day when Door was running away from a gardener he ran full speed into Knob.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Assey

Adrian Gauci Learning and Development Strategy Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Adrian Gauci Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Employee Development of HR development is about the provision of learning, development and training opportunities in order to improve individual, team and organisational performance. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ The definition of development suggests a fulfilment of innate potential and ability through continuous involvement rather than just timely interventions to satisfy gaps in knowledge and ability.Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci Learning and development Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Learning and development is the process of acquiring and developing knowledge, skills, capabilities, behaviours and attitudes through learning or developmental experiences. It is concerned with ensuring that the organization has the knowledgeable, skilled, engaged and committed workforce it needs. Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci Learning and development Learning is a continuous process that not only enhances existing capabilities but also leads to the development of the skills, knowledge and attitudes that prepare people for enlarged or higher-level responsibilities in the future. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ As explained by Honey and Mumford (1996): Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Ã¢â‚¬ËœLearning has happened when people can demonstrate that they know something that they did not know before (insights, realizations as well as facts) and when they can do something they could not do Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, before (skills). Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Adrian Gauci Learning and development Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Development is concerned with ensuring that a personÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s ability and potential are grown and realized through the provision of learning experiences or through self-directed (self-managed) learning. It is an unfolding process that enables people to progress from a present state of understanding and capability to a future state in which higher-level skills, knowledge and competencies are required. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Training involves the application of formal processes to impart knowledge and help people to acquire the skills necessary for them to perform their jobs satisfactorily.Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci KEY L&D TERMS Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ LEARNING: Learning is relatively permanent changes in behaviour that occurs as a result of practice or experience. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ EDUCATION: The development of Knowledge, values and understanding required in all aspects of life rather than the knowledge and skills relating to particular areas of activity. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ DEVELOPMENT: the growth or realisation of a person's ability and potential throug h the provision of learning and educational experiences. Training: The planned ; systematic modification of behaviour through learning events, programmes, and instruction which enable individuals to achieve the levels of knowledge, skills and competence to carry out their work effectively. Source: Armstrong-handbook of Personnel Management practices. Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci Elements of learning and dev Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation SupervisorAdrian Gauci Characteristics of formal and informal learning Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci ROI Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Return on investment (RoI) is advocated by some commentators as a means of assessing the overall impact of training on organizational performance. It is calculated as: Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci Learning and development strategy Learning and development strategy represents the approach an organization adopts to ensure that now and in the future, learning and development activities support the achievement of its goals by developing the skills and capacities of individuals and teams. It can be described similarly as strategic human resource development, defined as follows. Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci Learning and development strategy It is fundamentally concerned with creating a learning culture that will encourage learning and will provide the basis for planning and implementing learning activities and programmes.Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ This concept of a learning culture is associated with that of the learning organization. Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Diss ertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci Elements of L;D strategy Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci A learning culture A learning culture is one that promotes learning because it is recognized by top management, line managers and employees generally as an essential organizational process to which they are committed and in which they engage continuously. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Reynolds (2004) describes a learning culture as a Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœgrowth mediumÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, which will Ã¢â‚¬Ëœencourage employees to commit to a range of positive discretionary behaviours, including learningÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ and which has the following characteristics: empowerment not supervision, self-managed learning not instruction, long-term capacity building not short-term fixes. Reynolds suggests that to create a learning culture it is necessary to develop organizational practices that raise commitment amongst employees and Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœgive employees a sense of purpose in the workplace, grant employees opportunities to act upon their commitment, and offer practical support to learningÃ¢â‚¬â„¢. Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation SupervisorAdrian Gauci The learning organization The learning organization, as defined by Senge (1990) Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ The learning organization is one Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœwhere people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning how to learn togetherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢. Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian GauciThe learning organization Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Harrison (2000) learning organization remains persuasive beca use of its Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœrationality, human attractiveness and presumed potential to aid organizational effectiveness and advancementÃ¢â‚¬â„¢. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Wick and Leon (1995) refer to a learning organization Ã¢â‚¬â€œ as one that Ã¢â‚¬Ëœcontinually improves by rapidly creating and refi ning the capabilities required for future successÃ¢â‚¬â„¢. Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci EMPLOYEE TRAINING Training is an important part of an organizationÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s long-range strategy: Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Global competition and flatter organizational structures require multi-skilled employees Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Focus on life-long learning Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Diverse employees with varying cultural values Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Developments in information technology require new skills and training strategies Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Increased motivation Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Individual goals equating with those of the organisation Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Social benefits eg traning from government Ã¢â‚¬â €œ Newly acquired skills for future use Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation SupervisorAdrian Gauci Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ BENEFITS OF T;D TO ORGANISATIONS Provision of trained human resources Improvements of existing skills Increased employee knowledge Improved job performance Improved customer service Greater staff commitment Increased value of the organisation's human assets The personal development of employees Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci PROCESS OF TRAINING Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ SYSTEMATIC TRAINING Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ PLANNED TRAINING Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation SupervisorAdrian Gauci PLANNED TRAINING Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Identify and define training needs Define the learning required Define the objectives of training Plan training programme Decide who provides the training Implement the training Evaluate training Modify training programmes basis on the evaluation. MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), Adrian Gauci DEFINING TRAINING NEEDS Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ JOB TRAINING ANALYSIS ORGANSATIONAL ANALYSIS PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL JOB ANALYSIS CUSTOMER FEEDBACK OBSERVATION OF EMPLOYEES RECORDS OF EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCEAdrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci TRAINING OBJECTIVES Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ PREREQUISITE EXPERIENCE AND ABILITIES EDUCATINAL OBJECTIVES BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci Learning and Development Activities LearningÃ‚ andÃ‚ DevelopmentÃ‚ Activities Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ caseÃ‚ studyÃ‚ exercises Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ actionÃ‚ learningÃ‚ activities Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ modernÃ‚ apprenticeship Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ EmployeeÃ‚ mentoring Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ GroupÃ‚ /Ã‚ DepartmentalÃ‚ Ã‚ Exercises Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ SituationÃ‚ Simulation ManagementÃ‚ coachingÃ‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ CorporateÃ‚ University Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ InstructionÃ‚ Lectures Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ OutdoorÃ‚ LearningÃ‚ ActivitiesÃ‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ TrainingÃ‚ byÃ‚ roleÃ‚ playing See Page 1022 (Appendix in Armstrong Book) Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci The Training System Needs Assessment Evaluation Training Objectives Implementation Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci Training Techniques On-the-job Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Job rotation Apprenticeships Coaching Mentoring Delegation by supervisor Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Work shadowing Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Off-t he-job Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Lectures & videos Vestibule training Role-playing/Cases Simulation Self-Study & Programmed Computer-based (CBT) Virtual reality Web-based/Intranet Video-conferencing Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci Training & Development Strategies Cognitive T&D Strategies Environmental Behavioural Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation SupervisorAdrian Gauci Training Evaluation Criteria Reaction Organizational results Training Evaluation Criteria Behaviour Knowledge Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci LEARNING ORGANISATION Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Learning might be the acquisition of a new skills, new knowledge, a modified attitude or a combination of all three. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ The process of acquiring knowledge through experience that leads to a change in behaviour. Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation SupervisorAdrian Gauci LEARNING ORGANISATION An organization that has an enhanced capacity to learn, adapt and change Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Systems thinking Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Personal mastery Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Mental models Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Shared vision Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Team learning Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci LEARNING ORGANISATION (CONTD. ) Garvin (1993) has suggested that LO are good at doing five things: Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Systematic problem solving-relying on scientific methods, insisting on data rather than assumption. Experimentation Kaizen (continuous improvements) Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Learning from past experience Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Learning from others Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Transferring knowledge quickly and efficiently throughout the organisation Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci SIX FACTOR MODEL OF LO Kandola a nd Fullerton have produced a six factor model of a LO: Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Shared vision Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Enabling structure Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Supportive culture Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Empowering management Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Motivated workforce Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Enhanced learning Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation SupervisorAdrian Gauci LEARNING STYLES Kolb & Honey and Mumford Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci LEARNING STYLES Learning style theory can be used in the design and conduct of learning events or personal development programmes. Learning situations can be designed to fit the learning style of participants. Coffield (2005) stressed the importance of individualsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœthinking stylesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ Ã¢â‚¬â€œ that is, their automatic way of organizing and processing information during learning Ã¢â‚¬â€œ and of their Ã¢â‚¬Ëœlearning strategyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, meaning the pproach they adopt to try to overco me the limitations of their natural thinking style. Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci EXPERIMENTAL LEARNING CYCLE Kolb provides one of the most useful descriptive model of the adult learning process. The LC suggests that there are four stages that follow from each others. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Concrete experience: either planned or accidental Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Reflective observation: looking back at the experience. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Abstract conceptualisation: seen as generalising from reflection and developing hypotheses based on experience and knowledge. Active experimentation: Testing the concepts or ideas in new situation. Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci KOLB`S LEARNING STYLES Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ ACCOMMODATIVE: Strong preference for concrete experience and active experimentation, learning by errors. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ DIVERGENT: preference for concrete experiences , but to reflect on these from different perspectives. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ ASSIMILATIVE: Indicates that knowledge is gained by incorporating experiences into already existing cognitive structure. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ CONVERGENT: prefer to experiment with ideas.Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci KOLB`S LEARNING STYLES Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Accommodators who learn by trial and error, combining the concrete experience and experimentation stages of the cycle. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Divergers who prefer concrete to abstract learning situations and refl ection to active involvement. Such individuals have great imaginative ability, and can view a complete situation from different viewpoints. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Convergers who prefer to experiment with ideas, considering them for their practical usefulness.Their main concern is whether the theory works in action, thus combining the abstract and experimental dimensions. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Assimilators who like to create their own the oretical models and assimilate a number of disparate observations into an overall integrated explanation. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Thus they veer towards the reflective and abstract dimensions. Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation SupervisorAdrian Gauci Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci The Axis Concrete Experience Ã¢â‚¬â€œ CE (feeling) Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Abstract Conceptualization Ã¢â‚¬â€œ AC (thinking) Active Experimentation Ã¢â‚¬â€œ AE (doing)Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Reflective Observation Ã¢â‚¬â€œ RO (watchin g)Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci Divergers and Assimilators Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Diverging (feeling and watching Ã¢â‚¬â€œ CE/RO) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ These people are able to look at things from different perspectives. They are sensitive. They prefer to watch rather than do, tending to gather information and use imagination to solve problems. They are best at viewing concrete situations several different viewpoints. Kolb called this style Ã¢â‚¬ËœDiverging' because these people perform better in situations that require ideas-generation, for example, brainstorming.People with a Diverging learning style have broad cultural interests and like to gather information. They are interested in people, tend to be imaginative and emotional, and tend to be strong in the arts. People with the Diverging style prefer to work in groups, to listen with an open mind and to receive personal feedback. Assimilating (watching and thinking Ã¢â ‚¬â€œ AC/RO) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The Assimilating learning preference is for a concise, logical approach. Ideas and concepts are more important than people. These people require good clear explanation rather than practical opportunity.They excel at understanding wide-ranging information and organising it a clear logical format. People with an Assimilating learning style are less focused on people and more interested in ideas and abstract concepts. People with this style are more attracted to logically sound theories than approaches based on practical value. These learning style people is important for effectiveness in information and science careers. In formal learning situations, people with this style prefer readings, lectures, exploring analytical models, and having time to think things through.Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Adrian Gauci Convergers and Accomodators Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Converging (doing and thinking Ã¢â‚ ¬â€œ AC/AE) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ People with a Converging learning style can solve problems and will use their learning to find solutions to practical issues. They prefer technical tasks, and are less concerned with people and interpersonal aspects. People with a Converging learning style are best at finding practical uses for ideas and theories. They can solve problems and make decisions by finding solutions to questions and problems.People with a Converging learning style are more attracted to technical tasks and problems than social or interpersonal issues. A Converging learning style enables specialist and technology abilities. People with a Converging style like to experiment with new ideas, to simulate, and to work with practical applications. Accommodating (doing and feeling Ã¢â‚¬â€œ CE/AE) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The Accommodating learning style is Ã¢â‚¬Ëœhands-on', and relies on intuition rather than logic. These people use other people's analysis, and prefer to take a practical, experiential approac h.They are attracted to new challenges and experiences, and to carrying out plans. They commonly act on Ã¢â‚¬Ëœgut' instinct rather than logical analysis. People with an Accommodating learning style will tend to rely on others for information than carry out their own analysis. This learning style is prevalent and useful in roles requiring action and initiative. People with an Accommodating learning style prefer to work in teams to complete tasks. They set targets and actively work in the field trying different ways to achieve an objective.Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Adrian Gauci HONEY ; MUMFORD LEARNING STYLES Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci HONEY ; MUMFORD`S LEARNING STYLES Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ ACTIVIST: a dynamic learners without bias Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ REFLECTOR: an imaginative learner and the person, who observes phenomena, thinks about them and then choose how to act. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ THEORIST: Who adapt and apply their observations in the form of logical theories. PRAGMATIST: a commonsense learner who only likes to study if they can see a direct link to practical problems. Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci HONEY ; MUMFORD`S LEARNING STYLES Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ 1. Activists who involve themselves fully without bias in new experiences and revel in new challenges. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ 2. Reflectors who stand back and observe new experiences from different angles. They collect data, refl ect on them and then come to a conclusion. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ 3.Theorists who adapt and apply their observations in the form of logical theories. They tend to be perfectionists. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ 4. Pragmatists who are keen to try out new ideas, approaches and concepts to see if they work. Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Ad rian Gauci Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation SupervisorAdrian Gauci Kolb vs Honey ; Mumford Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor Adrian Gauci INDIVIDUAL BARRIERS TO LEARNING Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ LACK OF INFORMATION TIME MONEY APATHY ANDLACK OF MOTIVATIO CULTURE AGEISM SPECIAL NEEDS SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS LACK OF CONFIDENCE Adrian Gauci BA (Hons), MA, Dual MBA (New York) Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Business Lecturer and MBA Dissertation Supervisor